[سواها قلبي]

In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

A Look at the Books of the New Testament

1- The Problem of Extensive Differences:

There are many differences between the Gospels: one from the other... and differences within the Gospel itself. It is natural that in any study, whether religious or any other study, especially those related to revelation, revelation, and the Holy Scriptures, we are governed by the fundamental rule that must be accepted by all... namely:

" ولَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِنْدِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ اخْتِلَافًا كَثِيرًا (82) " سورة النساء "

Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? If it had been from [any] other than Allah, they would have found within it much contradiction.surah An-Nisa' (82)

(1) - The difference between Matthew and Luke regarding the genealogy of Christ:

Christian tradition has attributed Christ to Joseph the carpenter, the fiancé of Mary. *** A shameful accusation, attributed to this noble prophet, of which he is absolutely innocent, and an accusation against his mother, the chaste and pure Virgin Mary. God Almighty has told us about her and her son in Surah Maryam. God Almighty says:

وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ مَرْيَمَ إِذِ انْتَبَذَتْ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مَكَانًا شَرْقِيًّا
And mention, [O Muhammad], in the Book [the story of] Mary, when she withdrew from her family to a place toward the east(16).

فَاتَّخَذَتْ مِنْ دُونِهِمْ حِجَابًا فَأَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْهَا رُوحَنَا فَتَمَثَّلَ لَهَا بَشَرًا سَوِيًّا
And she took, in seclusion from them, a screen. Then We sent to her Our Angel, and he represented himself to her as a well-proportioned man.

قَالَتْ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِالرَّحْمَظ°نِ مِنْكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَقِيًّا
She said, "Indeed, I seek refuge in the Most Merciful from you, [so leave me], if you should be fearing of Allah."

قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ لِأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلَامًا زَكِيًّا
He said, "I am only the messenger of your Lord to give you [news of] a pure boy."

قَالَتْ أَنَّىظ° يَكُونُ لِي غُلَامٌ وَلَمْ يَمْسَسْنِي بَشَرٌ وَلَمْ أَكُ بَغِيًّا
She said, "How can I have a boy while no man has touched me and I have not been unchaste?"

قَالَ كَذَظ°لِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِ هُوَ عَلَيَّ هَيِّنٌ غ– وَلِنَجْعَلَهُ آيَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَرَحْمَةً مِنَّا غڑ وَكَانَ أَمْرًا مَقْضِيًّا
He said, "Thus [it will be]; your Lord says, 'It is easy for Me, and We will make him a sign to the people and a mercy from Us. And it is a matter [already] decreed.' "(21)

God Almighty said in surah At-Tahrim :

وَمَرْيَمَ ابْنَتَ عِمْرَانَ الَّتِي أَحْصَنَتْ فَرْجَهَا فَنَفَخْنَا فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِنَا وَصَدَّقَتْ بِكَلِمَاتِ رَبِّهَا وَكُتُبِهِ وَكَانَتْ مِنَ الْقَانِتِينَ
And [the example of] Mary, the daughter of 'Imran, who guarded her chastity, so We blew into [her garment] through Our angel, and she believed in the words of her Lord and His scriptures and was of the devoutly obedient.(12)

Here is Luke saying:

23 Now Jesus Himself began His ministry at about thirty years of age, being (as was supposed) the son of Joseph, the son of Heli,


Matthew differed with Luke regarding the lineage of Christ. Matthew made him descend from Solomon, son of David, while Luke made him descend from another son of David, Nathan.

The situation becomes clear by creating a table showing the genealogies mentioned by Matthew and Luke in comparison with the genealogies of the fathers mentioned in the books of the Old Testament, especially the Book of Chronicles, as follows:

[LEFT]It is noted in this table - that in order to simplify the study - we have contented ourselves with tracing the lineage of Solomon, son of David, as it appears in the Book of Chronicles up to series number (23) only... and we have disregarded tracing the lineage of Nathan, son of David. Also, the lineages that were replaced by (-) under the Gospel of Matthew only mean names of fathers that were mistakenly omitted from the list written by Matthew...

The previous table reveals a number of observations that are not hidden from anyone. The interpreters of the Gospels have spoken about these observations, and among what they said was the following:

John Fenton says: “Matthew probably continued to rely on 1 Chronicles (3:5, 10-16) except that he omitted three generations between Joram and Jotham... and he omitted Johakim after Josiah... The genealogy in Luke runs through another son of David, Nathan...”

Matthew was able to take the three names: Jeconiah, Shealtiel, and Zerubbaba from 1 Chronicles 3:16 and beyond. As for the rest of the names mentioned in his list, he had no written source, as far as we know. Luke also included Shealtiel and Zerubbabel in his list, but he did not mention any of the others (mentioned in Matthew).

Matthew indicates that in each of the three ages there are fourteen generations... although in reality he only mentions thirteen names in the last generation starting from chapter (1:12-16) (Interpretation of the Gospel of Matthew, pp. 39-40)

George Caird says:

"In the middle of Luke's list we find these names: John, son of Rhesa, son of Zerubbabel... But John is another form of the name Hananiah, who was the son of Zerubbabel... This person, Rhesa, is not mentioned at all in (1 Chronicles 13:19)... but Rhesa is an Aramaic word meaning prince..."

The error in Luke’s list can be traced back to the fact that the original list (from which it was copied) was arranged in the opposite order: “Zerubbabel the prince begot John” (Commentary on the Gospel of Luke, p. 19).

In conclusion, regarding the lineage of Christ, if we consider the First Book of Chronicles as the main reference for the lineages of the fathers, we find the following:

1 - I made a mistake in the lineage of Christ when I actually omitted five names from it (series 9, 10, 11, 18, 21).

2- Luke made a mistake when he added Risa (series No. 24) between Zerubbabel and John.

3- Luke differed fundamentally with Matthew when he made Joseph, Mary’s fiancé, descend from Nathan, son of David... while Matthew made him descend from Solomon, son of David...

** Of course, when each person was copying and writing from different old, scattered lists, errors accumulated, and we found that the number of generations from David to Joseph according to Luke is 42 generations... and according to Matthew 23 generations.

Centuries ago, a group of defenders of the Gospels - who considered them divine revelation - made strenuous attempts to reconcile Luke and Matthew, relying on Israelite traditions. However, all their attempts failed.


The Gospels differ in the names of the disciples:

Matthew says in his Gospel:

2 Now the names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; 3 Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was 4 Simon the Cananite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed Him.

But Luke says:

13 And when it was day, He called His disciples to Himself; and from them He chose twelve whom He also named apostles: 14 Simon, whom He also named Peter, and Andrew his brother; James and John; Philip and Bartholomew; 15 Matthew and Thomas; James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon called the Zealot; 16 Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot who also became a traitor.

John mentions the names of some of the disciples, including another Judas, other than the traitor, whom he says: “Judas Iscariot” (14:22).

It is clear that there is a difference between what Matthew and Mark (3:16-19) mentioned on the one hand and Luke and John on the other hand. This is why George Caird says:


“When the Gospels were written, there was no mere verification of the identity of the disciples.. Judas, son of James, does not appear in the list mentioned in either Matthew or Mark.. while his place was taken by Lebbaeus, called Thaddeus.”


*** Here we must draw attention to the fact that Muhammad appeared under the sun of history and his companions numbered one hundred thousand or more... and their names and stories were known... so how could the writers of the Gospels be unable to verify the twelve disciples...?